P1 · Statistics & Probability

Two versions of a headline are tested and one gets more clicks. Is that a real difference, or the kind of wobble you would see from a fair coin? Almost every mistake made downstream in this discipline — a model that looked good and was not, a chart that convinced a room of something untrue — traces back to that question being skipped. This pillar is where you learn to ask it, and to answer it on numbers small enough to check by hand.

That last point is deliberate. The material here runs on countable word data rather than a synthetic dataset you have to trust, so when a mean, a spread or a p-value appears, you can total the thing yourself and see where it came from. Three tracks approach it from different directions. Statistics Core builds the descriptive layer — means, medians, spread, distributions — and ends with the first genuinely uncomfortable idea, which is doubting a difference you can plainly see. Statistics Advanced goes underneath for readers who want the machinery: estimation theory, Bayesian reasoning, the probability toolbox. Data & Statistics Literacy faces outward instead, and is the one most people need first: reading statistics defensively, spotting sampling traps and misleading charts, and recognising the claims a dataset simply cannot support.