Les chaînes de reprise : celui-ci, ce dernier
P46.b2-reading.19 · Audience: guest, language-pro, it-ml
Unité CE-15 · campagne 13 · qui a refusé ? Le pronom le sait.
French argumentative prose avoids repeating names; it re-points to them with a precise little machinery — and the DELF asks, with clockwork regularity, qui « celle-ci » désigne-t-il ? Get the pointing rules mechanical and these become free points.
The pointing rules:
- celui-ci / celle-ci points to the nearest matching noun. La région a proposé à la métropole… ; celle-ci a refusé → the métropole refused. (Its rarer twin celui-là points to the farther one.)
- ce dernier / cette dernière points to the noun mentioned last in the previous clause — same instinct as celui-ci, but usable as a full subject across sentences: L'écrivaine a remercié sa traductrice : sans cette dernière… → without the translator.
- le premier / le second replay a two-item list in order. Deux scénarios : l'enfouissement ou le contournement. Le premier rassure… ; le second épargne le budget… Map the pair once, then read the sentence twice — the exam swaps their advantages in the distractors.
- en and y compress prepositional phrases: la ville en conteste la méthode = conteste la méthode du rapport ; elle devra y consacrer des sommes… = à ces travaux. When asked what en replaces, reconstruct the full de + noun phrase.
Russian would just repeat the noun or use «последний» loosely; French makes the reference grammatically decidable. The items below are four chains — resolve each pronoun before answering.
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