Dunder methods & the data model

P28.data-modelling.02 · Audience: guest, it-ml, language-pro · Prerequisites: Records: class vs dataclass vs namedtuple

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Python's data model is the set of dunder (double-underscore) methods that let your objects plug into the language's syntax and built-ins: ==, <, hash(), repr(), in, with, and more. Implement them well and your types feel native; implement them carelessly and you get subtle bugs.

This ladder builds two value objects — a colour and a version — and wires them into equality, hashing, and ordering.

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Rung 1 — value equality and hashing

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Rung 2 — ordering with total_ordering

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Interview rung — responsible operator overloading (free-form)

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The recurring rule to internalise: objects that compare equal must hash equal, and __eq__ should return NotImplemented (not False) for types it doesn't recognise, so Python can try the reflected comparison.