Les chiffres dans la prose : lire les nombres d'un œil critique
P46.b2-reading.14 · Audience: guest, language-pro, it-ml
Unité CE-10 · campagne 8 · un pourcentage n'est jamais innocent.
B2 informative texts increasingly test numeracy through language: the sentence is grammatically simple, but the number inside it is dressed to mislead, and the questions ask whether you noticed. Four dressing techniques, each with its unmasking move:
- The base effect. La fréquentation a bondi de deux cents pour cent — from 300 to 900 visitors. Spectacular percentage, small reality. Unmask: find the absolute numbers; a good author plants them nearby (on est passé de… à…), often with a deflating comparison.
- Relative vs absolute risk. Réduit le risque de trente pour cent can mean 2 % → 1.4 %: six patients in a thousand. Unmask: convert the percentage of a percentage into people. The phrase un ordre de grandeur que la publicité se garde de donner is the author doing this for you.
- The captive sample. Un Français sur deux… — surveyed by whom? Commandée par une banque en ligne, menée sur son propre site. Unmask: read the note de bas de page reflexively; the commanditaire and the recruitment method decide the study's worth.
- Nominal vs real. Le budget augmente de trois pour cent — with inflation at 4.2 %, that is a cut en euros constants. Unmask: any money increase must be compared to inflation before you call it a rise.
The exam's cruelest sentence pattern: tout est vrai dans la phrase ; tout est faux dans l'impression qu'elle laisse. The items give you four such phrases.
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